Domestic Violence and Social Class - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1867 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/09/20 Category Sociology Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Domestic Violence Essay Did you like this example? Domestic violence is something that happens every day around the world. Young, old, rich or poor, this is an issue that we must look at to better ourselves as a country. One of the things that we look at is how domestic violence relates to the different social classes of the country, this being upper, middle, and lower. Some would thing that it would be more common in lower classes, but the reality of it is domestic violence is a problem across all social classes. In this paper I will discuss different articles about domestic violence and its relation to social class. It is clear to see that many of the articles on this topic focus around women as victims and men get put into a category of the only ones committing violence. From different articles you can see that social class has a relation and an effect on domestic violence. To begin with we need to understand what domestic violence is. The National Domestic Violence Hotline describes domestic violence as pattern of beha vior in any relationship that is used to gain or maintain power and control over an intimate partner. Abuse is physical, sexual, emotional, economic or psychological actions or threats of actions that influence another person. This includes any behaviors that frighten, intimidate, terrorize, manipulate, hurt, humiliate, blame, injure or wound someone. Domestic violence can happen to anyone of any race, age, sexual orientation, religion or gender. It can happen to couples who are married, living together or who are dating. Domestic violence affects people of all socioeconomic backgrounds and education levels (The National Domestic Hotline). This is one of the best definitions you will find. It’s important to realize that Domestic Violence can happen to anyone. The focus on economic background is important; there is not one social class that domestic violence does not occur in. It is key that we keep this in mind, otherwise we begin to label and fit certain social groups into categories. And as we will find out this is not the case at all. In Gender, Status, and Domestic Violence, by Kristin L. Anderson she discusses many issues related to domestic violence. In her article she talks about social economic status and how it can affect domestic violence. The section on social class begins with how gender and social class play very ig roles with each other, or how each social class helps determine the resources available to men for the construction of masculinity (Anderson, 1995). Anderson begins with the working and lower class and how their position they hold at work lacks power and authority. This can lead to violence in the home because they search for positions of power in other aspects of their life. And many times the search for power and masculinity starts in their home life. This could be one explanation for the cause of domestic violence among low income social class. It is very clear that society even thought changing for the better over t he years, still puts the man as the breadwinner of his family. And if a man cannot produce for their family I agree with her that that will look for other places to find there masculinity and in some cases this is accomplished with violence against their partner. Next Anderson discusses middle and upper class together. She states with reference from another article that â€Å"Middle and upper class notions of masculinity focus on ambition, responsibility, and professional employment (Segal, 1990). It seemed throughout her whole article she really only focuses on low class society. The research done in this article shows that men or women with low income jobs and less resources are more likely to be violent in their home as a means to gain the lack of power in their life. Men who have fewer resources then there female partners will be more likely to commit domestic assault than the men with resources equal or greater than their female partners (Anderson, 1995). We can see for the re search done by Anderson that she focuses on the reporting of violence. I would have like to have seen some numbers on education and or employment in ration to domestic violence. But it is clear and can be understood that men base their masculinity on their economic social status, and if that status is low they begin to search for other ways to gain power, and often that is in the means of domestic violence against their partners. Social class plays a key role in everyday life of millions around the world. So it is clear that social class would play a role in domestic violence. Knowing that domestic violence knows no boundaries it is correct to say that wealth does not protect against violence. In the article Economic stress and Domestic Violence by Claire M. Renzetti from the National Online Resource Center on Violence against Women, they bring social class and domestic violence into clear view. One discussion in the article which we have to take into account when looking at s ocial class and domestic violence is well put when she stats â€Å"the data we have about domestic violence comes from samples to which researchers have greatest access, such as individuals who use social services and these individuals are more likely to have low incomes† (Renzetti, 2009). With this in mind it is clear to see why there are so many articles on low income violence. As she states from a study done by Benson and Fox (2003) from analyzing data from the National Survey of Household and Families, the family income increases the likelihood of domestic violence decrease. It is becoming clearer that even though we know that domestic violence knows no social class, The National Crime Victimization Survey reports the chance of violence in a low income household is five times great then the households with the highest incomes (Renzetti, 2009). As stated earlier it seems that the relation to domestic violence and employment takes a big part of the problem with violen ce among the social classes. In the article by Anderson early discuss she makes it clear that the feeling of power is directly related to the males economic standing. Renzetti state that sever studies have documented they deliberate sabotage to their partners efforts to maintain paid employment (2009). We can tie that back to how males base their masculinity and power on their economic status. Women have reported that their attempts to obtain paid employment outside their homes only aggravated their partners. It is becoming clear that men see power in being the main provider in the house and to lose some of that power is demining in some ways, and can result in violence against their partners. She references an article by Bush (2003) say that paid employment if a female intimate partner is threatening for some men, especially men who are unemployed or in low paying jobs. Renzitti states that some researchers have argued that social class has a greater influence on domestic violen ce risk than race/ethnicity, and that even the social class of your neighborhood plays into account. Disadvantaged neighborhoods domestic violence rates are significantly higher in neighborhoods compared with more affluent neighborhoods (Renzitti, 2009). By now it is clear that there is a relation between social class and domestic violence. In domestic violence, sexual assault and stalking by Walby Allen (2004) they discuss how it could be the domestic violence that is causing the low economical status. This is a little broader thinking then our other authors but still Walby Allen tie mans need for masculinity and power into the equation. But first to look how they discuss domestic violence as the cause for low social status, the lack of economic resources is clearly associated with domestic violence against women. But it is how we see one leading to the other that they discuss. Walby Allen purpose that maybe it is the other way around. For example that poverty and low soci al status are the consequences of domestic violence. Women who leave behind their homes and partners in order to escape violence will be much more likely to be poorer as a consequence of the loss of their home and of their partner’s income (Walby Allen, 2004). This is a new concept to think about but can easily be seen as possible. From what we have learned low income family are more prone to domestic violence, it is clear to see if the victim does get out of this relationship they have no means of economic support. In return this just keeps them in poverty and most likely sinks them deeper down the status pool of the world. As Walby Allen (2004) report that â€Å"eventually making their way back into the abusive relationship because they have no economic support. † It seems that the affect that social class and domestic violence have on each other is a never ending cycle. As we found in the research social class plays a big part in domestic violence and in some cases domestic violence plays a big part in social class. Whichever way that you look at it one constant held true across all of the articles, this being that men have been socially constructed by society to have to have the need for power in relationships. And when that power is lacking and they feel there masculinity is in jeopardy we see domestic violence. Now a lot of the focus of the articles was on the lower class, showing that the economic stress had a direct relation to man and the need for power. We need to understand that the lower social status groups are not the only ones with a domestic violence problem. Like I said earlier domestic violence can happen across any social class, rich or poor. Most of the research that is done focuses on women in poverty because that is where the easy samples are. We know that there is a problem there, we need to move on to research that examines women of a higher social standing. When we open up to who is we look at then we will begin to get a real grasp on the social class and domestic violence issue. Now I know that that depends on if they are willing to report, but that is a whole different topic for a different day. We have to be careful not to stereotype individuals into this field just because of the economic standing, but it is clear that social class and domestic violence show a clear and direct relation with each other. References Gender, Status, and Domestic Violence: An Integration of Feminist and Family Violence Approaches Author(s): Kristin L. Anderson Source: Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 59, No. 3 (Aug. , 1997), pp. 55-669 Published by: National Council on Family Relations Renzetti, C. M. (2009, September). Economic Stress and Domestic Violence. Harrisburg, PA: a project of the National Resource Center on Domestic Violence/ Pennsylvania Coalition Against Domestic Violence. Walby, S, Allen, J. (2004). Domestic violence, sexual assault and stalking: finding from the british crime survey. Home Office Research Study, 276, 88-92. What is Domestic Violence? (n. d. ). In get educated National Domestic Violence Hotline Online. Retrieved from https://www. ndvh. org/get-educated/what-is-domestic-violence/ Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Domestic Violence and Social Class" essay for you Create order

Racial Discrimination And Its Effects On People And Society

Racial discrimination has many effects on people and the society, and these effects are mostly negative. In To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee, the author, demonstrates racial discrimination and its effects through Tom Robinson s case. Tom Robinson is accused of raping and beating Mayella, and Atticus Finch is the man who steps up to defend this innocent man in the town of Maycomb, where everyone was decided from racial prejudice. In the three following sources, Montgomery Boycott, White People Are Fine With Laws That Harm Blacks, and also Letter from Birmingham Jail, they all discuss the effects of racial discrimination and how they were affected by it. Racial discrimination has many effects on people and the society such as racial prejudice, discrimination and injustice towards the colored, and racial discrimination also affect the social morals and the norms of the society. One effect of racial discrimination that i s demonstrated through To Kill a Mockingbird and White People Are Fine With Laws That Harm Blacks, is that racial discrimination affect the social norms and the morals of a society. Racial discrimination affects the social norms and morals of a society by making the idea of helping black people something that is unacceptable, and these social norms also make black people the criminal even though they are not guilty, and in the society, black people are not seen as equal, and that theShow MoreRelatedRacial Discrimination And Its Effects On People And Society1761 Words   |  8 Pages The Discrimination of Races Racial discrimination has many effects on people and the society, and these effects are mostly negative. In To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee, the author, demonstrates racial discrimination and its effects through Tom Robinson s case. 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Throughout this course, the various readings and class lectures have been very beneficial when examining the impact that racial discrimination and inequality Racial Discrimination And Its Effects On People And Society The Discrimination of Races Racial discrimination has many effects on people and the society, and these effects are mostly negative. In To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee, the author, demonstrates racial discrimination and its effects through Tom Robinson s case. Tom Robinson is accused of raping and beating Mayella, and Atticus Finch is the man who steps up to defend this innocent man in the town of Maycomb, where everyone was decided from racial prejudice. In the three following sources, Montgomery Boycott, White People Are Fine With Laws That Harm Blacks, and also Letter from Birmingham Jail, they all discuss the effects of racial discrimination and how they were affected by it. 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Assimilation is a process by which a minority becomes socially, economically, and culturally absorbed within the dominant society. The assimilation perspective assumes that to become fully fledged members of society, alternative groups must adopt as much of the dominant society s culture as possible, particularly its language, mannerisms, and goals forRead MoreDiscrimination Against African American Race1133 Words   |  5 Pages Discrimination against the African American Race Brian Barracks Social Psychology Dr. G. Austin Abstract Discrimination against African-Americans has been going on for many decades. Many African-Americans are still suffering from the effects of this. Many people who discriminate do not bother to analyze the damage that this is causing. Many African-Americans are suffering from stress problems, mental health issue, and some suffer from chronic stress. 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Throughout this course, the various readings and class lectures have been very beneficial when examining the impact that racial discrimination and inequality

The Productivity of Canada Free Essays

Canada†s productivity is not in really good shape now. Among its G-7 partners (Britain, Japan, Germany, France, Italy and the U. S. We will write a custom essay sample on The Productivity of Canada or any similar topic only for you Order Now ) , it has the lowest rate of growth in economic productivity over the past 25 years while it ranked second in productivity only to the U. S. two decades ago. What was the problem? Why was the situation getting worse and worse? While the problem seems to be getting more serious as the new millennium approaches, Jean Chretien, the Prime Minister, and Paul Martin, the Finance Minster, have played down the productivity issue, saying there is no clear-cut evidence that it is a significant problem. In fact, the high income tax rate compared to the U. S. causes lower salary for those highly skilled workers, which leads to their departure for better pay and more opportunities in the U. S. Also, the Canadian federal government spends too much money on themselves such as building political empires and providing services that duplicate those delivered by other provincial or municipal governments. Besides, Canada has a poor performance particularly in areas related to technology and communication industries. We certainly need a lot more to be done to improve productivity from various sources. Before we can come up with effective solutions for this controversial issue, we need to know how does productivity affect our economy and the standard of living in our country. Productivity measures the capacity of the economy to increase its output while costs are controlled. As economic efficiency increases, the overall wealth produced by the economy also goes up. It also determines the purchasing power that Canadians have. The greater productivity, the greater the potential for economic growth. With the decrease in productivity, our standard of living may go down as well. Canadians† living standard grew by an average of 3. 1 percent a year from 1961 to 1980. Since then, growth has averaged only 1. 1 percent annually. The major reason for this shutdown can be criticized on slower productivity growth. Lower labour productivity has explained 96% on average of the Canada-U. S. standard of living gap over the last decade. The atrophy of Canada†s productivity causes damages to the country†s living standard. Stronger productivity growth is essential for higher living standards in a country. One possible solution is tax cut, particularly on income tax. High tax rates hurt Canada in many different ways. Most of the Canadian companies cannot afford to hire an American executive to come north because the U. S. wage rates are significantly higher and the tax rate is different. If they do so, they should expect to pay an American executive the double salary compare to the outgoing Canadian executive earned. In that case, it would be too expensive. Although larger companies can probably afford it, while some smaller companies can†t afford to bring in talent that they need to expand their business. Moreover, the growing tax gap makes the situation even worse. This is also one of the reasons why Canada†s poor economy performance during recent years. Also, the Canadian dollar is weaker than the U. S. dollar, therefore income tax rate turns out to be around 50% for top earners compared to Canada with about 35% in the U. S. The other problem with over taxation is, when governments have too much of our money by collecting tax, which is in the case of Canada, the federal government spend too much on themselves, on building political empires and providing services that duplicate those delivered by other provincial or municipal governments. If taxpayers have this money left over to spend, they will probably either spend it or invest which will have a positive impact on our economy. But one exceptional case is high-tech industries in Montreal. Tax credits those companies, which allure them to invest more money. Eventually, the government provides up to $15,000 for new jobs in tax credits for each employee†s annual salary in future ten years. Those subsidies convinced Illinois-based Motorola to locate a new software center in Montreal. However, the critics argued that the government is buying jobs by using other taxpayer†s money and causing higher taxes for others. But in general, higher tax rate in Canada is a non-questionable fact. Another improvement that should be made is to put more money on education and provide a stable and attractive working environment for highly trained graduates. The loss of these highly trained graduates, estimated in the thousands annually to the U. S. The more opportunities, higher salaries and lower taxes are the main reason to draw their attention. Besides, there are not enough well trained and highly educated people to teach at universities and specialized schools, skilled Canadians who leave because of better pay and more job opportunities elsewhere. Besides, numbers of Canadians are willing to study in the U. S every year. In 1997, 23,000 of them enrolled in American colleges and universities. But there were only 18,000 Canadians enrolled in U. S. universities about 10 years ago. This number has been increased over the past decade and it certainly is going to increase if we don†t do anything about it. Another thing is, the American companies spend large amounts of money on re-training and development on executives. The average company spent about $10 million on both internal and external executive development in 1998. Especially when technology is becoming more and more involving business, the ability to get up to date information and knowledge is the key to success. In a recent survey that is done by Business Week, the best in management education, ranked according to this survey. U. S. has 17 universities in the top 20 for non-degree study. Although this was not an official ranking, it still shows that the U. S has most of the top business schools in the world, such as Harvard, Michigan, and Pennsylvania. That†s also why many students around the world, not just Canadians, like to go to those universities, because they can have a better education and a brighter future. Technology is crucial for productivity too, since Canada has done a poor job in technology and to support those technological talents. Just like Anand Bahl and Kim Cameron, they decided to be part of high-tech talent to the U. S and they sold their privately owned software company, Zoomit Corp. of Toronto, to Microsoft. Anand Bahl and Kim Cameron actually didn†t look for a buyer; somewhat Microsoft approached them as they found their company has potential in market. Anand Bahl and Kim Cameron created a software program, which from the e-mail system called the â€Å"meta-directory† which allows companies to integrate and manage a variety of related computer files, images and applications from different suppliers. They couldn†t get any finance help in Canada and not many people could understand the technology and expected their company to get beaten by a bigger player and wiped out. In fact, their product works and even Microsoft hire them along with 11 of 30 Zoomit†s employees to work on integrating meta-directory software into Windows 2000. They were very happy to be accepted from the world†s largest and most powerful firm because they had such a struggle to try to prove their product. They criticized the attitude that they encountered in Canada which Canadian companies assumed the product wasn†t good enough and they forced to focus on the U. S. which right now about 90% of their sales revenue come from large American companies. The comment that they gave was Canada has world class programming talent, but they have to have a chance and somehow recognize by others, and talent is one of the few things Canada will have left if we let this situation gets worse. In the case of Ford Canada, they have increased the wages for the workers because they are doing great business. But some economists worry that the raise of wages will lead to an increase in the unit price of cars and trucks, which is unlikely the case. In fact, the increase in Ford†s hourly labour cost will certainly lag behind the ongoing growth of productivity. Productivity in auto assembly grew 80% between 1991 and the first quarter of 1999, almost 10 times as fast as the total economy. In general, productivity in car industry has been increased 20% since 1991 . The amazing thing is that auto assembly average productivity even exceeds the level in the U. S. According to the bible of automotive productivity studies, it takes about 25 hours of labour to assemble a vehicle in Canada, which is 10% less than in the U. S. Moreover, this superb productivity performance produced 34,000 new jobs in the industry since 1992. The key for their success is they put huge investment in fixed capital that have been made by the auto assemblers and their parts suppliers. They are investing more than $4 billion on new equipment every year. As a result so far, new equipment with new technology makes greater productivity and better quality. From what has been mentioned above, the fact that Canada†s productivity needs to be improved, and the government should put more effort on it. Canada must solve the productivity problem through massive tax cuts and increase budgets on both education and technology development or continue to lose talents to the U. S. while we†ll have poorer productivity and competition in the market. 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It is the desire to obtain an education Essay Example For Students

It is the desire to obtain an education Essay While Eliza, who grew up in the Lisson Grove slums of London, may not have had an education, she has the smarts enough to know that she will need one in order to survive. Moreover, while the education offered to most women in Victorian England taught little more than the knowledge of how to â€Å"maintain order inside the home and provide a safe haven† (Langlinans 76) for their families, it imparted upon women several years of elocution studies. For the study of elocution was so popular during the Victorian era that it allowed men, such as Higgins, to devote their lives to the study and teaching of it and speech itself became a sign of Fisher Three one’s education. Eliza realizes that she will never attain the position of a shop-girl in a flower shop and gain middle class respectability if she continues with her many â€Å"aw-ah-ah-ow-oo-o†(Shaw 1) and other phonetics that signify her lack of education. Furthermore, in having the desire to be educated, or at least have the appearance of having had such, Eliza allows herself to be subjugated by Higgins. Shaw presents Higgins not as a teacher or savior, but as a domineering man attempting to subjugate a woman due to her lack of schooling. For it is Eliza’s lack of an education that brings her to Higgins flat and allows Higgins to be a â€Å"superman attempting to transform a subhuman into a human† (Matlaw 58) who threatens Eliza with acts of brutality and denotes her status as a member of the lower class by repeated name calling and disregard for her feelings. When Higgins states that Eliza does â€Å"not have any feelings that we need worry about† (Shaw 2) he is showing the contempt, which he and the middle class holds for the lower class. However, the desire felt by Eliza to become a respectful member of society, one who is not of the lower class, drives her to commit herself to becoming a subject in Higgins controlled experiment and overlook the barbs and slights from Higgins that she receives due to her lack of education. â€Å"I sold flowers. I did not sell myself† (Shaw 4) declares Eliza to Higgins as her tutelage comes to an end and she realizes that she is no better off than she was when she had started. In one of Shaw’s other major plays, Mrs. Warren’s Profession, he equates prostitution with capitalism and it’s damning effect on society. Here Shaw makes the connection between prostitution, the lack of an education , and the life of a poor flower girl. While Eliza may or not end up with the respectability she craves so desperately and the education she so desires, she Fisher Four leaves the audience with the knowledge that she will â€Å"†¦always have her character, something that can’t be taken away† (Shaw 2). For it is the strength of Eliza’s character, hardened and created by years of abuse as a lower class woman, which allows her to survive her ordeal with Higgins with her dignity intact. Works Cited Auerbach, Sascha. â€Å"A Right Sort of Man†: Gender, Class Identity, and Social Reform in Late-Victorian Britain. Journal of Policy History 22. 01 (2010): 64-75. Print. Langlinais, Chantel. Framing The Victorian Heroine: Representations Of The Ideal Woman In Art And Fiction. Interdisciplinary Humanaties 22. 2 (2005): 73-93. EBSCO. Web. 6 Sept. 2012. Matlaw, Myron. The Denouement of Pygmalion. Modern Drama 55. 1 (1958): 29. Gale. Web. 5 Sept. 2012. Shaw, Bernard. Pygmalion. New York: Dover Publications, 1994. Print.